Although search engines are programmed to rank websites based on some
combination of their popularity and relevancy, empirical studies
indicate various political, economic, and social biases in the
information they provide.
These biases can be a direct result of economic and commercial
processes (e.g., companies that advertise with a search engine can
become also more popular in its organic search results), and political processes (e.g., the removal of search results to comply with local laws).
Biases can also be a result of social processes, as search engine
algorithms are frequently designed to exclude non-normative viewpoints
in favor of more "popular" results.
Indexing algorithms of major search engines skew towards coverage of
U.S.-based sites, rather than websites from non-U.S. countries.
Google Bombing is one example of an attempt to manipulate search results for political, social or commercial reasons.
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